The 5 Essential Steps To Apply For U.S. Citizenship (Naturalization Process)
Becoming a U.S. citizen is a significant milestone for many immigrants. The naturalization process can seem daunting, but with the right guidance and preparation, it can be a smooth journey. In this article, I will walk you through the five essential steps to applying for U.S. citizenship and provide practical tips to help you succeed. In the Immigration Law office of Alena Shautsova, we help clients to achieve their American Dream and obtain citizenship at times despite previous Immigration trouble (criminal convictions, denials, accusations of fraud, etc.). Call today to book your confidential appointment at 917-885-2261.
Step 1: Determine Eligibility for Naturalization
Before applying for U.S. citizenship, you must ensure you meet the eligibility requirements. According to USCIS, you must:
- Be at least 18 years old.
- Have lawful permanent resident (LPR) status (a green card) for at least five years (or three years if married to a U.S. citizen or received your green card based on VAWA).
- Have continuous residence and physical presence in the United States.
- Demonstrate good moral character.
- Show basic English proficiency and knowledge of U.S. history and government (civics).
Practical Tip: If you are unsure about your eligibility, use the USCIS Naturalization Eligibility Tool to verify your qualifications or call our Immigration office and we will be happy to consult you on your N-400 eligibility issues.
Step 2: Prepare Form N-400 (Application for Naturalization)
The N-400 form is the official application for naturalization. You can file it online through USCIS Online Filing or submit a paper application by mail.
Key Documents Needed:
- A copy of your green card (front and back).
- If applying based on marriage, include proof of real marriage and spouse’s U.S. citizenship.
- Evidence of any name changes.
- Documents supporting exemptions, such as medical waivers (Form N-648).
Practical Tip: Carefully review your application before submission. A small mistake could result in delays or a request for additional evidence (RFE). It is advisable to order copies of your previous immigration applications, certificates of disposition for possible criminal charges, copies of your tax returns, and even employment records to avoid a denial.
Step 3: Pay the Filing Fee and Submit the Application
The standard naturalization application fee is $760 for paper filing, and $710 for online filing. However, some applicants may qualify for a fee waiver or reduced fee.
Payment Methods:
- Online Payment (for online applicants)
- Check or Money Order (for paper applicants)
Practical Tip: If you are experiencing financial hardship, check out the USCIS Fee Waiver Guidelines to see if you qualify.
Step 4: Attend the Biometrics Appointment and Citizenship Interview
After submitting your application, USCIS will schedule a biometrics appointment at a local Application Support Center (ASC). During this appointment, they will take your fingerprints, photo, and signature for background checks.
Following biometrics, USCIS will schedule your naturalization interview. You will be asked questions about your background, your application, and your knowledge of U.S. history and government.
Practical Tip: Use the USCIS Study Materials to prepare for the civics test. Practice speaking English clearly and confidently, as this will be assessed during the interview.
Step 5: Take the Oath of Allegiance and Become a U.S. Citizen
If your application is approved, USCIS will schedule your Oath Ceremony, the final step in becoming a U.S. citizen. You will receive a Notice of Naturalization Oath Ceremony (Form N-445) with details on when and where to attend.
Practical Tip: After the ceremony, you will receive your Certificate of Naturalization. Use this document to apply for a U.S. passport and update your records with Social Security and other government agencies.
Can You Become a U.S. Citizen with a Criminal Conviction?
One of the most common concerns for lawful permanent residents (green card holders) applying for U.S. citizenship is whether a past criminal conviction will prevent them from becoming a citizen. The short answer is: it depends on the type of crime, when it was committed, and whether it affects your good moral character (GMC)—a key requirement for naturalization.
Crimes That May Prevent Citizenship
Under U.S. immigration law, certain criminal convictions can result in a denial of your naturalization application or even lead to deportation. Crimes are generally classified into three categories:
- Crimes that permanently bar naturalization: These include serious offenses such as murder and aggravated felonies (e.g., drug trafficking, sexual abuse of a minor, or violent crimes with a sentence of one year or more).
- Crimes that create a temporary bar: Convictions for theft, fraud, domestic violence, or DUIs within the last five years (or three years if applying based on marriage to a U.S. citizen) can result in denial. However, you may be eligible later if you demonstrate good moral character over time.
- Crimes with discretionary bars: Some minor offenses may still raise concerns about moral character, but an immigration officer has the discretion to approve or deny your case.
What to Do If You Have a Criminal Record:
- Consult an immigration attorney before applying for naturalization.
- Obtain court records and proof of rehabilitation (such as community service or expungement where applicable).
- Be honest about your criminal history—lying can result in denial and removal proceedings.
For more information, see the USCIS Naturalization Requirements or seek legal guidance by calling 917-885-2261.
Can You Become a U.S. Citizen and Keep Your Original Citizenship?
Many immigrants seeking U.S. citizenship wonder whether they must renounce their original nationality. The answer depends on the laws of both the United States and your home country.
Does the U.S. Allow Dual Citizenship?
Yes. The U.S. does not require you to give up your original citizenship when you become a naturalized U.S. citizen. During the Oath of Allegiance, you pledge loyalty to the U.S., but this does not automatically strip you of your previous nationality.
Does Your Home Country Allow Dual Citizenship?
Some countries—like Canada, the U.K., and France—allow dual citizenship, meaning you can keep both nationalities. However, countries like China, India, and Japan require you to renounce your original citizenship upon naturalizing elsewhere.
Key Considerations for Dual Citizens:
- Legal obligations: You must obey the laws of both countries.
- Travel restrictions: Some countries may not recognize your U.S. passport.
- Tax implications: The U.S. taxes worldwide income, which may impact dual citizens.
Before applying for U.S. citizenship, check with your home country’s consulate to see if dual citizenship is permitted. Need guidance? Contact an immigration lawyer for expert advice!
Final Thoughts
Becoming a U.S. citizen is an empowering achievement that grants you the right to vote, travel freely, and petition for family members to immigrate. Proper preparation and attention to detail will make the process easier. If you have a criminal record and are unsure about your eligibility for U.S. citizenship, call my firm today to schedule a consultation. As an experienced naturalization attorney, I will review your case, guide you through the process, and help you take the right steps to achieve your goal of becoming a U.S. citizen.
Call 917-885-2261 or email office@shautsova.com. You can also book an appointment online at shautsova.com.